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''Lantana'' is a genus of about 150 species of perennial flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. They are native to tropical regions of the Americas and Africa but exist as an introduced species in numerous areas, especially in the Australian-Pacific region. The genus includes both herbaceous plants and shrubs growing to tall. Their common names are shrub verbenas or lantanas. The generic name originated in Late Latin, where it refers to the unrelated ''Viburnum lantana''. Lantana's aromatic flower clusters (called umbels) are a mix of red, orange, yellow, or blue and white florets. Other colors exist as new varieties are being selected. The flowers typically change color as they mature, resulting in inflorescences that are two- or three-colored. "Wild lantanas" are plants of the unrelated genus ''Abronia'', usually called "sand-verbenas". ==Ecology== Some species are invasive, and are considered to be noxious weeds, such as in South Asia, Southern Africa and Australia. In the United States, lantanas are naturalized in the southeast, especially coastal regions of the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf Coast. The spread of lantana is aided by the fact that their leaves are poisonous to most animals and thus avoided by herbivores, while their fruit is a delicacy for many birds, including the yellow-fronted white-eye of Vanuatu, the superb fairy-wren in Australia, the scaly-breasted munia, and the Mauritius bulbul in the Mascarenes; these distribute the seeds and thereby unwittingly contribute to the degradation of their home ecosystem. Biological control of introduced lantanas has been attempted, without robust success. In Australia, about 30 insects have been introduced in an attempt to control the spread of lantanas, and this has caused problems of its own. The lantana bug (''Aconophora compressa'') for example is a polyphagous species introduced in 1995 that feeds on dozens of plants, and not only has it failed to have a noticeable impact on the lantana population, it has even become a pest in horticulture, parasitizing the related fiddlewoods (''Citharexylum''). The small ''Lantana''-feeding moths ''Epinotia lantana'' and ''Lantanophaga pusillidactyla'', while not becoming pests, have nonetheless failed to stem the spread of the invasive weed, as has the lantana scrub-hairstreak butterfly (''Strymon bazochii'') which was introduced to control lantanas on the Hawaiian Islands. Other Lepidoptera whose caterpillars feed on ''Lantana'' species include the common splendid ghost moth (''Aenetus ligniveren''), ''Aenetus scotti'', ''Endoclita malabaricus'', ''Hypercompe orsa'' and the setaceous Hebrew character (''Xestia c-nigrum''). The swamp wallaby (''Wallabia bicolor'') is one of the few mammals that eat ''Lantana'' leaves without apparent ill effect. Lantanas are useful as honey plants, and Spanish flag (''L. camara''), ''L. lilacina'' and ''L. trifolia'' are sometimes planted for this purpose, or in butterfly gardening. Butterflies which are attracted to lantana flowers are most notably Papilioninae (swallowtail and birdwing butterflies). Hesperiidae (skippers) and certain brush-footed butterflies (namely Danainae and Heliconiinae), as well as some Pieridae (e.g. cloudless sulphur, ''Phoebis sennae'') and Lycaenidae (e.g. the aforementioned lantana scrub-hairstreak), also like to visit the plants' flowers. Consequently, as total eradication of ''Lantana'' seems often impossible, it may in many cases be better to simply remove plants with immature (green) fruit to prevent them from spreading. Some weaverbirds, e.g. the black-throated weaver (''Ploceus benghalensis'') and the streaked weaver (''P. manyar''), highly value ''Lantana'' flowers for decorating their nests. An ability to procure spectacular and innovative decorations appears to be desired by females, and consequently is an indicator of the males' fitness. ''Ceratobasidium cornigerum'' is a higher fungus which parasitizes ''Lantana'' among other plants. The sweet potato whitefly (''Bemisia tabaci'') is a common greenhouse pest and is often distributed with infested lantanas. ''Lantana'' species, especially ''L. camara'', contain pentacyclic triterpenoids that cause hepatotoxicity and photosensitivity when ingested by grazing animals such as sheep, goats, bovines, and horses. This has led to widespread livestock loss in the United States, South Africa, India, Mexico, and Australia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lantana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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